This policy brief examines systemic barriers faced by women and youth in Africa’s economic landscape, particularly within the informal economy and cross-border trade, and outlines strategies for their inclusion. It highlights the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Protocol on Women and Youth in Trade as a key framework, and the need for gradual formalisation of the informal economy in line with International Labour Organisation’s Recommendation 204. Recommendations include strengthening social protections, promoting digital inclusion, supporting informal ecosystems, and prioritising women-led and youth-led enterprises.
